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Otolaryngology  ENT

Otolaryngology or ENT (ear, nose and throat) is the branch of medicine and surgery that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders
Practitioners are called and professionally designated by the more accurate term otolaryngologists–head and neck surgeons, as specialists trained in otolaryngology are experts in surgical conditions of the head & neck. Some people refer to it simply as head and neck surgery.

Explanation
Otolaryngologists are medical doctors (MD, DO, MBBS, MBChB, etc.) who, in the United States, complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This is composed of one year in general surgical training and four years in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery; in the past it varied between two and three years of each. In Canada, practitioners complete a five-year residency training after medical school.

Following residency training some otolaryngologists elect to complete advanced subspeciality fellowship training which can be 1–2 years in duration (pediatric otolaryngology,[2] neuro-otology, laryngology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, rhinology, or head and neck oncology).

Topics in otolaryngology, head and neck surgery
Head and Neck Oncology
  • Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx
  • Oral cancer
  • Skin Cancer of the head & neck
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Endocrine surgery of the head and neck (thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy)
  • Microvascular free flap reconstruction
  • Skull base surgery
Otology and neuro-otology
  • Dizziness
  • BPPV – benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
  • labyrinthitis/vestibular neuronitis
  • Ménière’s disease/endolymphatic hydrops
  • Perilymphatic fistula
  • acoustic neuroma
  • Hearing loss
  • Mastoiditis
  • Otitis externa – outer ear or ear canal inflammation
  • Otitis media – middle ear inflammation
  • Otitis interna – inner ear inflammation
  • Perforated eardrum (hole in the eardrum due to infection, trauma, explosion or loud noise)
  • Ear surgery
Rhinology
Rhinology pertains to sinus diseases and the anterior skull base.
  • Environmental allergies
  • Sinusitis – acute, chronic
  • Rhinitis
  • Empty nose syndrome
Pediatrics
  • Adenoidectomy
  • Caustic ingestion
  • Cricotracheal resection
  • Decannulation
  • laryngomalacia
  • Laryngotracheal reconstruction
  • Myringotomy and tubes
  • Obstructive sleep apnea – pediatric
  • Tonsillectomy
Laryngology
  • Dysphonia/hoarseness
  • Laryngitis
  • Reinke’s edema
  • Vocal cord nodules and polyps
  • Spasmodic dysphonia
  • Tracheostomy
  • Cancer of the larynx
  • Vocology – science and practice of voice habilitation
Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery
Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.
  • Rhinoplasty and septoplasty
  • Facelift (rhytidectomy)
  • Browlift
  • Blepharoplasty
  • Otoplasty
  • Genioplasty
  • Injectable cosmetic treatments
  • Trauma to the face
  • Nasal bonefracture
  • Mandible fracture
  • Orbital fracture
  • Frontal sinus fracture
  • Complex lacerations and soft tissue damage
  • Skin cancer (e.g. Basal Cell Carcinoma)




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